Scientists and clinicians at UCL and Great Ormond Street Hospital Children’s Charity have discovered a small subset of T-cells that may play a key role in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies against leukaemia in children. The researchers, who assessed and compared CAR T-cells in patients receiving treatment as part of a Phase I study, underline that the results indicated that stem cell memory T cells (Tscm) appear to be critical for both destroying the cancer at the outset, and for long term immune surveillance.